Ocean plume discovery by Woods Hole team upends scientific assumptions about marine carbon cycle, new data on phytoplankton 'impacts atmospheric CO2 levels and Earth's climate'

8/18/13, "Newly discovered ocean plume could be major source of iron," Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute News Release

"“We’ve assumed that low helium means low iron, and our study finds that that’s not true,” (Mak) Saito (a WHOI associate scientist and lead author of the study) says. “There’s actually quite a lot of iron coming out of these slow-spreading regions in the Atlantic, where people thought there would be little to none.”

And that has profound implications, because iron is a critical element for ocean life. Iron is known to spur the growth of phytoplankton in many marine habitats, especially those important in the ocean’s carbon cycle, which, in turn, impacts atmospheric carbon dioxide levels and Earth’s climate.  

Because more than half the world’s seafloor ridges are slow-spreading, the team’s discovery suggests there may be far more iron from these locations than previously estimated.

“We need to understand where iron is in the ocean and where it’s coming from to understand the role of iron in the marine carbon cycle with any confidence,” Saito says.

Saito and his colleagues hope future studies will reveal the exact shape and extent of the plume, and just how much of its iron and other micronutrients persist and rise to the surface. Answering these lingering questions will help researchers truly understand how hydrothermal vents affect the ocean as a whole, Saito says.

The research was supported by the U.S. NSF-Chemical Oceanography program and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant GBMF2724)....

Scientists have discovered a vast plume of iron and other micronutrients more than 1,000 km long billowing from hydrothermal vents in the South Atlantic Ocean. The finding, published online Aug. 18 in the journal Nature Geoscience, calls past estimates of iron abundances into question, and may challenge researchers’ assumptions about iron sources in the world’s seas.

“This study and other studies like it are going to force the scientific community to reevaluate how much iron is really being contributed by hydrothermal vents and to increase those estimates, and that has implications for not only iron geochemistry but a number of other disciplines as well,” says Mak Saito, a WHOI associate scientist and lead author of the study.

Saito and his team of collaborators—which includes WHOI researchers and a colleague affiliated with the University of Liverpool (U.K.)—didn’t set out to find iron plumes in the South Atlantic.

They set sail aboard the R/V Knorr in 2007 as part of the Cobalt, Iron and Micro-organisms from the Upwelling zone to the Gyre (or CoFeMUG, pronounced “coffee mug”) expedition, which intended to map chemical composition and microbial life along the ship’s route between Brazil and Namibia. As the scientists traveled the route, they sampled the seawater at frequent intervals and multiple depths along the way, and then stored the samples for in-depth analysis back on land.

Their route passed over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a band of mountains and valleys running along the Atlantic Ocean floor from the Arctic to the Antarctic where several of the Earth’s major tectonic plates are slowly spreading apart. Hydrothermal vents, or fissures in the Earth’s crust, are found along the ridge, but they haven’t been extensively studied because slow-spreading ridges are thought to be less active than fast-spreading ones. Past studies using helium, which is released from the Earth’s mantle through hydrothermal vents and is routinely used as an indicator of vent activity, have found little coming from mid-Atlantic vents, and researchers have assumed that means the vents spew little iron as well. 

So Saito and his colleagues were surprised by what their samples revealed when later studied in the lab. Once filtered and analyzed, some of the seawater showed unexpectedly high levels of iron and manganese. When Abigail Noble, then a WHOI graduate student, and Saito plotted the sites where the iron-rich samples were taken, they realized the samples formed a distinct plume—a cloud of nutrients ranging in depth from 1,500 to 3,500 meters that spanned more than 1,000 km of the South Atlantic Ocean. 

“We had never seen anything like it,” Saito says. “We were sort of shocked—there’s this huge bull’s-eye right in the middle of the South Atlantic Ocean. We didn’t quite know what to do with it, because it went contrary to a lot of our expectations.”

The plume’s ratio of iron to helium was 80-fold higher than ratios reported for faster-spreading ridges in the southeastern Pacific Ocean.

The serendipitous discovery casts doubt on the assumption that slow-spreading ridges are iron-poor, and it raises questions about the use of helium as an indicator for iron flux in hydrothermal vents, Saito says."...

No drought in the Bronx, man made drought conditions induced after rain delay, Toronto Blue Jays v NY Yankees

8/22/13, "A groundskeeper pours sand on the field to dry a wet spot as other workers roll up the tarp during a rain delay in a baseball game between the Toronto Blue Jays and the New York Yankees at Yankee Stadium, Thursday," final 5-3 Yankees, ap

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To help Media Matters understand the 4th branch of gov. and how it's not good for them, Jonathan Turley explains: "The growing dominance of the federal government over the states has obscured more fundamental changes within the federal government itself: It is not just bigger, it is dangerously off kilter."

"The vast majority of “laws” governing the United States are not passed by Congress but are issued as regulations, crafted largely by thousands of unnamed, unreachable bureaucrats....The shift of authority has been staggering. The fourth branch now has a larger practical impact on the lives of citizens than all the other branches combined."

5/24/13, "The rise of the fourth branch of government," Washington Post, Jonathan Turley, opinion
 
"The growing dominance of the federal government over the states has obscured more fundamental changes within the federal government itself: It is not just bigger, it is dangerously off kilter. Our carefully constructed system of checks and balances is being negated by the rise of a fourth branch, an administrative state of sprawling departments and agencies that govern with increasing autonomy and decreasing transparency.
 
This exponential growth has led to increasing power and independence for agencies. The shift of authority has been staggering. The fourth branch now has a larger practical impact on the lives of citizens than all the other branches combined. 

For much of our nation’s history, the federal government was quite small. In 1790, it had just 1,000 nonmilitary workers. In 1962, there were 2,515,000 federal employees. Today, we have 2,840,000 federal workers in 15 departments, 69 agencies and 383 nonmilitary sub-agencies.

The rise of the fourth branch has been at the expense of Congress’s lawmaking authority. In fact, the vast majority of “laws” governing the United States are not passed by Congress but are issued as regulations, crafted largely by thousands of unnamed, unreachable bureaucrats. One study found that in 2007, Congress enacted 138 public laws, while federal agencies finalized 2,926 rules, including 61 major regulations.

This rulemaking comes with little accountability. It’s often impossible to know, absent a major scandal, whom to blame for rules that are abusive or nonsensical. Of course, agencies owe their creation and underlying legal authority to Congress, and Congress holds the purse strings. But Capitol Hill’s relatively small staff is incapable of exerting oversight on more than a small percentage of agency actions. And the threat of cutting funds is a blunt instrument to control a massive administrative state — like running a locomotive with an on/off switch.

The autonomy was magnified when the Supreme Court ruled in 1984 that agencies are entitled to heavy deference in their interpretations of laws. The court went even further this past week, ruling that agencies should get the same heavy deference in determining their own jurisdictions — a power that was previously believed to rest with Congress. In his dissent in Arlington v. FCC, Chief Justice John Roberts warned: “It would be a bit much to describe the result as ‘the very definition of tyranny,’ but the danger posed by the growing power of the administrative state cannot be dismissed.”

The judiciary, too, has seen its authority diminished by the rise of the fourth branch. Under Article III of the Constitution, citizens facing charges and fines are entitled to due process in our court system. As the number of federal regulations increased, however, Congress decided to relieve the judiciary of most regulatory cases and create administrative courts tied to individual agencies. The result is that a citizen is 10 times more likely to be tried by an agency than by an actual court. In a given year, federal judges conduct roughly 95,000 adjudicatory proceedings, including trials, while federal agencies complete more than 939,000.

These agency proceedings are often mockeries of due process, with one-sided presumptions and procedural rules favoring the agency. And agencies increasingly seem to chafe at being denied their judicial authority. Just ask John E. Brennan. Brennan, a 50-year-old technology consultant, was charged with disorderly conduct and indecent exposure when he stripped at Portland International Airport last year in protest of invasive security measures by the Transportation Security Administration. He was cleared by a federal judge, who ruled that his stripping was a form of free speech. The TSA was undeterred. After the ruling, it pulled Brennan into its own agency courts under administrative charges.

The rise of the fourth branch has occurred alongside an unprecedented increase in presidential powers — from the power to determine when to go to war to the power to decide when it’s reasonable to vaporize a U.S. citizen in a drone strike. In this new order, information is jealously guarded and transparency has declined sharply. That trend, in turn, has given the fourth branch even greater insularity and independence. When Congress tries to respond to cases of agency abuse, it often finds officials walled off by claims of expanding executive privilege.

Of course, federal agencies officially report to the White House under the umbrella of the executive branch. But in practice, the agencies have evolved into largely independent entities over which the president has very limited control. Only 1 percent of federal positions are filled by political appointees, as opposed to career officials, and on average appointees serve only two years. At an individual level, career officials are insulated from political pressure by civil service rules. There are also entire agencies — including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Communications Commission — that are protected from White House interference.

Some agencies have gone so far as to refuse to comply with presidential orders. For example, in 1992 President George H.W. Bush ordered the U.S. Postal Service to withdraw a lawsuit against the Postal Rate Commission, and he threatened to sack members of the Postal Service’s Board of Governors who denied him. The courts ruled in favor of the independence of the agency....
The shift of authority has been staggering. The fourth branch now has a larger practical impact on the lives of citizens than all the other branches combined. The marginalization Congress feels is magnified for citizens, who are routinely pulled into the vortex of an administrative state that allows little challenge or appeal. The IRS scandal is the rare case in which internal agency priorities are forced into the public eye. Most of the time, such internal policies are hidden from public view and congressional oversight. While public participation in the promulgation of new regulations is allowed, and often required, the process is generally perfunctory and dismissive.
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In the new regulatory age, presidents and Congress can still change the government’s priorities, but the agencies effectively run the show based on their interpretations and discretion. The rise of this fourth branch represents perhaps the single greatest change in our system of government since the founding.
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We cannot long protect liberty if our leaders continue to act like mere bystanders to the work of government."

"Jonathan Turley is the Shapiro professor of public interest law at George Washington University."






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Bloody hands of McCain, Graham, and Vichy hag Kelly Ayotte, Christian Holocaust in Egypt is simple. Morsi supporters attack police stations at same time they attack Christian churches, schools, orphanages, homes, businesses. Police busy saving themselves so can't defend Christians

US has two choices in Egypt, the military or the Muslim Brotherhood, said Rep. Eliot Engel. Obama suspends aid to Egypt's military.

8/18/13, "Egypt: Islamists hit Christian churches," AP,  Hamza Hendaw

"Nearly 40 churches have been looted and torched, while 23 others have been attacked and heavily damaged since Wednesday....Islamists have attacked dozens of Coptic churches along with homes and businesses owned by the Christian minority....

Waheeb, other activists and victims of the latest wave of attacks blame the police as much as hard-line Islamists for what happened. The attacks, they said, coincided with assaults on police stations in provinces like Bani Suef and Minya, leaving most police pinned down to defend their stations or reinforcing others rather than rushing to the rescue of Christians under attack.

Another Christian activist, Ezzat Ibrahim of Minya, a province also south of Cairo where Christians make up around 35 percent of the population, said police have melted away from seven of the region's nine districts, leaving the extremists to act with near impunity....

The attacks served as a reminder that Islamists, while on the defensive in Cairo, maintain influence and the ability to stage violence in provincial strongholds with a large minority of Christians....

The incident at the Franciscan school was repeated at Minya where a Catholic school was razed to the ground by an arson attack and a Christian orphanage was also torched....

Bishoy Alfons Naguib, a 33-year-old businessman from Minya, has a similarly harrowing story. His home supplies store on a main commercial street in the provincial capital, also called Minya, was torched this week and the flames consumed everything inside.

"A neighbor called me and said the store was on fire. When I arrived, three extremists with knifes approached me menacingly when they realized I was the owner," recounted Naguib. His father and brother pleaded with the men to spare him. Luckily, he said, someone shouted that a Christian boy was filming the proceedings using his cell phone, so the crowd rushed toward the boy shouting "Nusrani, Nusrani," the Quranic word for Christians which has become a derogatory way of referring to them in today's Egypt....

"The Islamists had earlier painted a red X on Muslim stores and a black X on Christian stores," he said. "You can be sure that the ones with a red X are intact."..."The looters were so diligent that they came back to one of the five churches they had ransacked to see if they can get more," he told the AP. "They were loading our chairs and benches on trucks and when they had no space for more, they destroyed them."

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8/18/13, "Egyptian Christians attacked, dozens of churches torched," Russia Today, rt.com

"The unknown attackers sprayed graffiti on the church, with the inscriptions reading, "Allah u Akbar" ["God is Great"], "Egypt is Islamic," and "Sisi is a Murderer," referring to army chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi.

Islamists also paraded three Christian nuns through the streets and sexually abused two other women in Cairo after torching a Franciscan school over the weekend.

The assault follows multiple attacks and acts of arson targeting Coptic churches, as well as the homes and businesses of Christian minorities in Egypt."...

photo #1 above, "A picture taken on August 18, 2013 shows the Amir Tadros coptic Church in Minya, some 250 kms south of Cairo, which was set ablaze on August 14, 2013." AFP

photo #2 above, "A picture taken on August 18, 2013 shows burnt books in the Amir Tadros coptic Church in Minya, some 250 kms south of Cairo, which was set ablaze on August 14, 2013."AFP

photo #3 above, "A picture taken on August 18, 2013 shows a burnt icon in the Amir Tadros coptic Church in Minya, some 250 kms south of Cairo, which was set ablaze on August 14, 2013." AFP

via Atlas Shrugs, and Michael Savage show

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8/18/13, "Sunday Show Round Up: Suspending Egyptian Aid," Washington Free Beacon, E. Barber

"Kelly Ayotte joins calls to suspend aid to Egypt on Meet the Press" 

"Rep Eliot Engel (D., N.Y.)...said he did not think cutting off aid was the right decision. “We essentially have two choices in Egypt, and that’s a military government which hopefully will transition as quickly as possible to civilian government or the Muslim Brotherhood. I don’t think the Muslim Brotherhood is a choice,” Engel said."... 

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8/19/13, "Senator: Obama Administration Secretly Suspended Military Aid to Egypt," Daily Beast, Josh Rogin

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Comment: The GOP are Vichy. 






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30 yr. peer reviewed study definitively proves CO2 does not cause or precede temperature change on land or sea. 8 well known data sets. "The science" will be denied and ridiculed as it means the end of decades of confiscating trillions of taxpayer dollars not for the planet but for the rich

30 year peer reviewed scientific study, Jan. 1980-Dec. 2011, finds in all cases CO2 lags temperatures, never precedes temperature change. Scientists: "The common notion of globally dominant temperature controls exercised by atmospheric CO₂ is in need of reassessment."
 
January 2013, "The phase relation between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature," Global and Planetary Change, ScienceDirect.com

Ole Humlum^{a, b, ,} ,Kjell Stordahl^c, Jan-Erik Solheim<sup>d 

a</sup> Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1047 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway^{, b} Department of Geology, University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), P.O. Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway, ^c Telenor Norway, Finance, N-1331 Fornebu, Norway, ^d Department of Physics and Technology, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway

[Green line is global CO2, red line is surface temps., blue line is ocean temps., Jan. 1980-Dec. 2011]

 "Abstract

"Using data series on atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperatures we investigate the phase relation (leads/lags) between these for the period January 1980 to December 2011....

In our analysis we use eight well-known datasets: 

1) globally averaged well-mixed marine boundary layer CO₂ data, 2) HadCRUT3 surface air temperature data,
3) GISS surface air temperature data,
4) NCDC surface air temperature data,
5) HadSST2 sea surface data,
6) UAH lower troposphere temperature data series,
7) CDIAC data on release of anthropogene CO₂, and
8) GWP data on volcanic eruptions.

Annual cycles are present in all datasets except 7) and 8), and to remove the influence of these we analyze 12-month averaged data. We find a high degree of co-variation between all data series except 7) and 8), but with changes in CO₂ always lagging changes in temperature."...

Further from the peer reviewed study: 

Subhead 11 (near end), "Discussion" 
 
"In general, we find that changes in atmospheric CO₂ are lagging behind changes in any of the five different temperature records considered. The typical lag is 9.5–12 months for surface temperatures and about 9 months for lower troposphere temperatures, suggesting a temperature sequence of events from the surface to the lower troposphere.

As cause always must precede effect, this observation demonstrates that modern changes in temperatures are generally not induced by changes in atmospheric CO₂. Indeed, the sequence of events is seen to be the opposite: 

temperature changes are taking place before the corresponding CO₂ changes occur. 

As the theoretical initial temperature effect of changes in atmospheric CO₂ must materialize first in the troposphere, and then subsequently at the planet surface (land and ocean), our diagrams 2–8 reveal that the common notion of globally dominant temperature controls exercised by atmospheric CO₂ is in need of reassessment. Empirical observations indicate that changes in temperature generally are driving changes in atmospheric CO₂, and not the other way around....
(parag. 7): Thus, the simplest explanation of observed changes in DIFF12 for atmospheric CO₂ is that they are induced by changes in temperature, as illustrated by Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Fig. 10. Consequently, a substantial part of the atmospheric increase of CO₂ since January 1980 can be explained by associated changes in temperature, and presumably especially changes in ocean temperatures (Toggweiler, 1999, Monnin et al., 2001 and Goldberg, 2008), as this is where we find both the strongest correlation to changes in CO₂ (Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8), and the longest time lag."...

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[Volcanic ash isn't the cause of rising CO2 either, Jan. 1980-Dec. 2011:] 

(parag. 8): "Actually, on the time scale investigated, the net effect of a major volcanic eruption appears to be a reduction of the prevailing increase rate of atmospheric CO₂, probably an effect of ocean cooling induced from cloud effects.

(parag. 9): "Summing up, monthly data since January 1980 on atmospheric CO₂ and sea and air temperatures unambiguously demonstrate the overall global temperature change sequence of events to be  

1) ocean surface, 2) surface air, 3) lower troposphere, and 

with changes in atmospheric CO₂ always lagging behind changes in any of these different temperature records....

(Subhead) 12. Conclusions

There exist a clear phase relationship between changes of atmospheric CO₂ and the different global temperature records, whether representing sea surface temperature, surface air temperature, or lower troposphere temperature, with changes in the amount of atmospheric CO₂ always lagging behind corresponding changes in temperature.

(1) The overall global temperature change sequence of events appears to be from 1) the ocean surface to 2) the land surface to 3) the lower troposphere.

(2) Changes in global atmospheric CO₂ are lagging about 11–12 months behind changes in global sea surface temperature.

(3) Changes in global atmospheric CO₂ are lagging 9.5–10 months behind changes in global air surface temperature.

(4) Changes in global atmospheric CO₂ are lagging about 9 months behind changes in global lower troposphere temperature. 

(5) Changes in ocean temperatures appear to explain a substantial part of the observed changes in atmospheric CO₂ since January 1980. 

(6) CO₂ released from anthropogene sources apparently has little influence on the observed changes in atmospheric CO₂ , and changes in atmospheric CO₂ are not tracking changes in human emissions.

(7) On the time scale investigated, the overriding effect of large volcanic eruptions appears to be a reduction of atmospheric CO₂, presumably due to the dominance of associated cooling effects from clouds associated with volcanic gases/aerosols and volcanic debris.

(8) Since at least 1980 changes in global temperature, and presumably especially southern ocean temperature, appear to represent a major control on changes in atmospheric CO₂."...
  

==========================

Note from editor: Google is extremely upset about this peer reviewed study. I know this because they keep vandalizing/hacking the post. They won't allow it to post correctly, keep moving blocks of type up and down. I go back and fix the alignment, then they move something else a couple inches down. I fix that, they move something else. Then it won't allow me to move the misplaced line at all. So please excuse gaps of space on this post. They've  vandalized my posts for years in various ways. This isn't the worst example by any means but was more noticeable than usual.

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Scientists say pause in global warming since 1998 could be 'a blip,' or climate may be less sensitive to CO2 than anticipated-Reuters

Scientists say slowing of global warming since 1998 in the face of rising CO2 could be "a blip," or "the climate may be less sensitive than expected to a build-up of carbon dioxide."

8/16/13, "Experts surer of manmade global warming but local predictions elusive," Reuters, Alister Doyle

"Warming slowing"

"The panel will try to explain why global temperatures, while still increasing, have risen more slowly since about 1998 even though greenhouse gas concentrations have hit repeated record highs in that time, led by industrial emissions by China and other emerging nations. An IPCC draft says there is "medium confidence" that the slowing of the rise is "due in roughly equal measure" to natural variations in the weather and to other factors affecting energy reaching the Earth's surface.

Scientists believe causes could include: greater-than-expected quantities of ash from volcanoes, which dims sunlight; a decline in heat from the sun during a current 11-year solar cycle; more heat being absorbed by the deep oceans; or the possibility that the climate may be less sensitive than expected to a build-up of carbon dioxide.

"It might be down to minor contributions that all add up," said Gabriele Hegerl, a professor at Edinburgh University. Or maybe, scientists say, the latest decade is just a blip.

The main scenarios in the draft, using more complex computer models than in 2007 and taking account of more factors, show that temperatures could rise anywhere from a fraction of 1 degree Celsius (1.8 Fahrenheit) to almost 5C (9F) this century, a wider range at both ends than in 2007.

The low end, however, is because the IPCC has added what diplomats say is an improbable scenario for radical government action - not considered in 2007 - that would require cuts in global greenhouse gases to zero by about 2070.

Temperatures have already risen by 0.8C (1.4F) since the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century. Experts say that the big advance in the report, due for a final edit by governments and scientists in Stockholm from Sept. 23-26, is simply greater confidence about the science of global warming, rather than revolutionary new findings."...via Junk Science

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A BBC discussion suggests a pause in confiscation of taxpayer dollars in the face of dual problems, that temperatures have remained flat since 1998 while CO2 has increased. Money was diverted based on predicted outcomes that didn't happen which "peer reviewed literature regards as established yet unexplained:"

7/22/13, "Andrew Neil on Ed Davey climate change interview critics," BBC, Andrew Neil

Multi-billion dollar "spending decisions, paid for by consumers and taxpayers...might not have been taken (at least to the same degree or with the same haste) if global warming was not quite the imminent threat it has been depicted....The recent standstill in global temperatures is a puzzle. Experts do not know why it is occurring or how long it will last....There is no consensus. Extensive peer-reviewed literature regards it as established yet unexplained. It is widely accepted that the main climate models which inform government policy did not predict it."...(subhead, "Reputable evidence")

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Comment: Taxpayer trillions have been diverted for an imaginary problem in the midst of a permanent economic depression. The climate terror industry was brilliantly conceived by Goldman Sachs and many others. The rich have gotten richer from it and the poor poorer:

7/02/09, "The Great American Bubble Machine: How Goldman Sachs has Engineered Every Major Market Manipulation Since the Great Depression," Rolling Stone, by Matt Taibbi

"A groundbreaking new commodities bubble,
  
disguised as an "environmental plan"

called cap-and-trade. 
  
The new carbon-credit market is a virtual repeat of the commodities-market casino that's been kind to Goldman, 

except it has one delicious new wrinkle:  

If the plan goes forward as expected, the rise in prices

will be government-mandated.  

Goldman won't even have to rig the game.  

It will be rigged in advance."...

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7/28/10, "The secrets 10 states and Wall Street don't want you to know," by Mark Lagerkvist, NJ Watchdog

"Under the RGGI scheme, the smell of profiteering is powerful. New Jersey and nine other Northeast states have sold

$662 million in carbon dioxide permits since 2008.

The bidders at RGGI auctions include Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, Merrill Lynch, JPMorgan Chase and other Wall Street heavyweights....

 

image above from NJ Watchdog

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Third world countries emit more CO2 from fossil fuel through 2012 than industrial nations, rendering the entire UN IPCC process a waste. They're never going to tell poor countries to commit mass suicide:

"Although emissions from developing countries now dominate, the industrial countries set the world on its global warming path."...(scroll down to 3rd graph, this text 2 parags. below)
 
7/23/13, "Fossil Fuel Use Pushes Carbon Dioxide Emissions into Dangerous Territory," Earth Policy Institute, Emily E. Adams




















======================
 
Comment: Goal posts keep moving. Even if industrial countries flagellate themselves to near extinction, also known as genocide, they'll still be bad because they "set the world on its global warming path."




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Atlanta, Georgia, August 15, 2013 temperature coolest on record

8/15/13, "Atlanta breaks a century-old temperature record," CBSatlanta.com, WGCL TV

"Atlanta's high temperature on Thursday was only 73 degrees which is the coolest high temperature on record for August 15.

The previous record was a high of only 77 degrees from 1908.

The average high temperature for this time of year is 88 degrees, putting Thursday's high 15 degrees below average.

Atlanta has seen a cooler-than-average summer due to a lot of rain.  We're about 15 inches above average on rainfall this year." via Drudge






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